• Ten things you didn't know about Wikipedia •
Ethiopian calendar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Calendars
v • d • e
Common use Chinese · Islamic · Gregorian · ISO · Astro · Julian
Calendar Types
Lunisolar · Solar · Lunar
Selected usage Armenian · Bahá'í · Bengali · Berber · Buddhist · Coptic · Ethiopian · Germanic · Hebrew · Hindu · Indian · Iranian · Irish · Japanese · Javanese · Malayalam · Maya · Nanakshahi · Nepali · Nepal Sambat · Tamil · Thai: Lunar – Solar · Tibetan · Vietnamese· Zoroastrian
Calendar Types
Original Julian · Runic
The Ethiopian calendar (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ye'Ītyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer), also called the Ge'ez calendar, is the principal calendar used in Ethiopia and is also the liturgical year of Christians in Eritrea belonging to the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church, Eastern Catholic Church of Eritrea and Lutheran (Evangelical Church of Eritrea), where it is commonly known as the Ge'ez calendar. It is based on the older Alexandrian or Coptic calendar, which is based on the even older Egyptian calendar, but like the Julian calendar, it adds a leap day every four years without exception, and begins the year on August 29 or August 30 in the Julian calendar.
Like the Coptic calendar, the Ethiopian/Ge'ez calendar has twelve months of 30 days each plus five or six epagomenal days (usually called a thirteenth month). Furthermore, its months begin on the same days as those of the Coptic calendar, but they have different names, that are in Ge'ez. The sixth epagomenal day is added every four years without exception on August 29 in the Julian calendar, six months before the Julian leap day. Thus the first day of the Ethiopian year, 1 Mäskäräm, for years between 1901 and 2099 (inclusive), is usually September 11 (Gregorian), but falls on September 12 (Gregorian), in years before the Gregorian leap year.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Current year
* 2 New Year's Day
* 3 Eras
o 3.1 Era of Martyrs
o 3.2 Anno Mundi according to Panodoros
o 3.3 Anno Mundi according to Anianos
* 4 Leap year cycle
* 5 Months
* 6 Sources
* 7 External links
[edit] Current year
The current year according to the Ethiopian calendar is 1999.
[edit] New Year's Day
Enkutatash is the word for the Ethiopian new year in the official language of Ethiopia: Amharic, while it is called Ri'se Awde Amet (Head Anniversary) in the Ge'ez liturgical calendar of the Eritrean churches. It occurs on September 11 in the Gregorian calendar, except for leap years when it occurs on September 12. The Ethiopian calendar year 1998 ˈAmätä Məhrät ("Year of Mercy") began on 11 September 2005. However, the Ethiopian years 1996 and 1992 AM began on 12 September 2003 and 1999, respectively.
The new years begin on September 11 or 12 as described above from Gregorian 1900 to 2099, but differently in other Gregorian centuries, because every fourth Ethiopian/Ge'ez year is a leap year without exception.
[edit] Eras
To indicate the year, Ethiopians and followers of the Eritrean churches today use the Incarnation Era, which dates from the Annunciation or Incarnation of Jesus on 25 March 9 (Julian), as calculated by Annianus of Alexandria c. 400; thus its first civil year began seven months earlier on 29 August 8 (Julian). Meanwhile, Europeans eventually adopted the calculations made by Dionysius Exiguus in AD 525 instead, which placed the Annunciation exactly eight years earlier than had Annianus. This causes the Ethiopian year number to be eight years less than the Gregorian year number from January 1 until September 10 or 11, then seven years less for the remainder of the Gregorian year.
In the past, a number of other eras for numbering years were also widely used in Ethiopia and the Axumite Kingdom:
[edit] Era of Martyrs
The most important era – once widely used by the Eastern Churches, and still used by the Coptic Church - was the Era of Martyrs, also known as the Diocletian Era, whose first year began on 29 August 284.
Respectively to the western and Julian New Year's Days about three months later, the difference between the Era of Martyrs and the Anni Domini is 285 (= 15x19) years. This is because in AD 525, Dionysius Exiguus decided to add 15 Metonic cycles to the existing 13 Metonic cycles of the Diocletian Era (15x19 + 13x19 = 532) to obtain an entire 532-year medieval Easter cycle, whose first cycle ended with the year Era of Martyrs 247 (= 13x19) equal to year DXXXI. It is also because 532 is the product of the Metonic cycle of 19 years and the Solar cycle of 28 years.
[edit] Anno Mundi according to Panodoros
Around AD 400, an Alexandrine monk called Panodoros fixed the Alexandrian Era (Anno Mundi = in the year of the world), the date of creation, on 29 August 5493 BC. After the 6th century AD, the era was used by Egyptian and Ethiopian chronologists. The twelfth 532-year-cycle of this era began on 29 August 360 AD, and so 4x19 years after the Era of Martyrs.
[edit] Anno Mundi according to Anianos
Bishop Anianos preferred the Annunciation style as New Year's Day, the 25 March (see above). Thus he shifted the Panodoros era by about six months, to begin on 25 March 5492 BC.
[edit] Leap year cycle
The four year leap-year cycle is associated with the four Evangelists: the first year after an Ethiopian leap year is named in honour of John, followed by the Matthew-year and then the Mark-year. The year with the sixth epagomenal day is traditionally designated as the Luke-year.
There are no exceptions to the four year leap-year cycle, unlike the Gregorian calendar.
[edit] Months
Ge'ez, Amharic, and Tigrinya (with Tigrinya suffixes in parenthesis) Coptic Gregorian start date Start date in year after
sixth epagomenal day
Mäskäräm (መስከረም) Tut September 11 September 12
Ṭəqəmt(i) (ጥቅምት) Babah October 11 October 12
Ḫədar (ኅዳር) Hatur November 10 November 11
Taḫśaś ( ታኅሣሥ) Kiyahk December 10 December 11
Ṭərr(i) (ጥር) Tubah January 9 January 10
Yäkatit (Tn. Läkatit) (የካቲት) Amshir February 8 February 9
Mägabit (መጋቢት) Baramhat March 10 March 10
Miyazya (ሚያዝያ) Baramundah April 9 April 9
Gənbot (ግንቦት) Bashans May 9 May 9
Säne (ሰኔ) Ba'unah June 8 June 8
Ḥamle (ሓምሌ) Abib July 8 July 8
Nähase (ነሓሴ) Misra August 7 August 7
Ṗagʷəmen/Ṗagumen (ጳጐሜን/ጳጉሜን) Nasi September 6 September 6
Note that these dates are valid only from March 1900 to February 2100.
[edit] Sources
* "The Ethiopian Calendar", Appendix IV, C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, The Prester John of the Indies (Cambridge: Hakluyt Society, 1961).
* Ginzel, Friedrich Karl, "Handbuch der matematischen und technischen Chronologie", Leipzig, 3 vol., 1906-1914
[edit] External links
* Warning: In the following two links, dates in the "Ethiopian calendar" have been converted into a pseudo-Julian calendar by replacing the true Amharic Ethiopian month names by close, but not coincident, Julian names. For example, Mäskäräm is called "September" even though Mäskäräm actually begins on August 29/30 Julian (and September 11th Gregorian, the most common calendar). When they state that the Ethopian year begins on "September 1", they mean it begins on Mäskäräm 1. Similarly, when they state that Christmas occurs on "December 29" in the Ethiopian calendar, they mean it occurs on Tahsas 29.
o Ethiopian Calendar - Christian, Islamic, Jewish & Public Holidays
o Ethiopian Religious Festivals
* The Ethiopic Calendar by Aberra Molla
* Ethiopian Calendar Converter
* Ethiopian Perpetual Calendar Software
* Ethiopian Online Calendar
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar"
Categories: Ethiopian culture | Specific calendars
Views
* Article
* Discussion
* Edit this page
* History
Personal tools
* Sign in / create account
Navigation
* Main page
* Contents
* Featured content
* Current events
* Random article
interaction
* About Wikipedia
* Community portal
* Recent changes
* Contact Wikipedia
* Donate to Wikipedia
* Help
Search
Toolbox
* What links here
* Related changes
* Upload file
* Special pages
* Printable version
* Permanent link
* Cite this article
In other languages
* አማርኛ
* Български
* Deutsch
* Français
* Italiano
* 한국어
* עברית
* Nederlands
* Norsk (bokmål)
* Русский
* Українська
Powered by MediaWiki
Wikimedia Foundation
* This page was last modified 20:26, 10 August 2007.
* All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a US-registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
* Privacy policy
* About Wikipedia
* Disclaimers
Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!
Thursday, August 30, 2007
Coptic calendar
• Ten things you didn't know about Wikipedia •
Coptic calendar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Part of the series on
Copts
ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙ'ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ
'ⲛ'Ⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓ'ⲁⲛⲟⲥ
Culture
Architecture · Art · Calendar ·
Fasting · Flag · Literature ·
Music
Regions
Egypt · United States · Canada ·
Africa · Asia · Australia ·
Europe · South America
Religions
Coptic Orthodox Church ·
Coptic Catholic Church ·
Coptic Evangelical Church ·
Other Protestants
Language
Egyptian language · Coptic language
Writing Systems
Hieroglyphs · Hieratic ·
Demotic · Coptic
v • d • e
Calendars
v • d • e
Common use Chinese · Islamic · Gregorian · ISO · Astro · Julian
Calendar Types
Lunisolar · Solar · Lunar
Selected usage Armenian · Bahá'í · Bengali · Berber · Buddhist · Coptic · Ethiopian · Germanic · Hebrew · Hindu · Indian · Iranian · Irish · Japanese · Javanese · Malayalam · Maya · Nanakshahi · Nepali · Nepal Sambat · Tamil · Thai: Lunar – Solar · Tibetan · Vietnamese· Zoroastrian
Calendar Types
Original Julian · Runic
The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church. This calendar is based on the ancient Egyptian calendar. To avoid the calendar creep of the latter, a reform of the ancient Egyptian calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 BC) which consisted of the intercalation of a sixth epagomenal day every fourth year. However, this reform was opposed by the Egyptian priests, and the idea was not adopted until 25 BC, when the Roman Emperor Augustus formally reformed the calendar of Egypt, keeping it forever synchronized with the newly introduced Julian calendar. To distinguish it from the Ancient Egyptian calendar, which remained in use by some astronomers until medieval times, this reformed calendar is known as the Coptic calendar. Its years and months coincide with those of the Ethiopian calendar but have different numbers and names.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Coptic year
* 2 Date of Christmas
* 3 Date of Resurrection
* 4 Coptic months
* 5 References
* 6 See also
[edit] Coptic year
The Coptic year is the extension of the ancient Egyptian civil year, retaining its subdivision into the three seasons, four months each. The three seasons are commemorated by special prayers in the Coptic Liturgy. This calendar is still in use all over Egypt by farmers to keep track of the various agricultural seasons. The Coptic calendar has 13 months, 12 of 30 days each and an intercalary month at the end of the year of 5 or 6 days, depending whether the year is a leap year or not. The year starts on 29 August in the Julian Calendar or on the 30th in the year before (Julian) Leap Years. The Coptic Leap Year follows the same rules as the Julian Calendar so that the extra month always has six days in the year before a Julian Leap Year.
The Feast of Neyrouz marks the first day of the Coptic year. Its celebration falls on the 1st day of the month of Thout, the first month of the Coptic year, which for AD 1901 to 2098 usually coincides with 11 September, except before a Gregorian leap year when it is September 12. Coptic years are counted from AD 284, the year Diocletian became Roman Emperor, whose reign was marked by tortures and mass executions of Christians, especially in Egypt. Hence, the Coptic year is identified by the abbreviation A.M. (for Anno Martyrum or "Year of the Martyrs"). The A.M. abbreviation is also used for the unrelated Jewish year (Anno Mundi).
Every fourth Coptic year is a leap year without exception, as in the Julian calendar, so the above mentioned new year dates apply only between AD 1900 and 2099 inclusive in the Gregorian Calendar. In the Julian Calendar, the new year is always 29 August, except before a Julian leap year when it's August 30. Easter is reckoned by the Julian Calendar in the Old Calendarist way.
To obtain the Coptic year number, subtract from the Julian year number either 283 (before the Julian new year) or 284 (after it).
[edit] Date of Christmas
The choice of 25 December to celebrate the Nativity of Christ was first proposed by Hippolytus of Rome (170–236), but was apparently not accepted until either 336 or 364. Dionysius of Alexandria emphatically quoted mystical justifications for this very choice:
March 25 was considered to be the anniversary of Creation itself. It was the first day of the year in the medieval Julian calendar and the nominal vernal equinox (it had been the actual equinox at the time when the Julian calendar was originally designed). Considering that Christ was conceived at that date turned March 25 into the Feast of the Annunciation which had to be followed, nine months later, by the celebration of the birth of Christ, Christmas, on December 25.
There may have been more practical considerations for choosing 25 December. The choice would help substitute a major Christian holiday for the popular pagan celebrations around the winter solstice (Roman Saturnalia or Brumalia). The religious competition was fierce. In 274, Emperor Aurelian had declared a civil holiday on December 25 (the "Festival of the birth of the Unconquered Sun") to celebrate the birth of Mithras, the Persian Sun-God whose cult predated Zoroastrianism and was then very popular among the Roman military. Finally, joyous festivals are needed at that time of year, to fight the natural gloom of the season.
That there were in the same country shepherds living out in the fields, keeping watch over their flock by night (Luke 2:8), does not rule out December 25th as Christmas - for contemporary records indicate that this was as likely then as at any time of year. Those who observed what was happening then confirm the weather patterns of the time, and what shepherds did amidst them all.
Until the 16th century, 25 December coincided with 29 Koiak of the Coptic calendar. However, upon the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in 1582, December 25 shifted 10 days earlier in comparison with the Julian and Coptic calendars and a further day each time the Gregorian calendar drops a leap day. This is the reason why Old-Calendrists (using the Julian and Coptic calendars) presently celebrate Christmas on January 7, 13 days after the New-Calendrists (using the Gregorian calendar), who celebrate Christmas on December 25.
[edit] Date of Resurrection
According to Christian tradition, Jesus died at the ninth hour (that is, the canonical hour of nona or 'noon' in Middle English - 3:00 pm) of the first full day of Pesach, when that day fell on a Friday; and arose from the dead at or by the first (canonical) hour of that Sunday. The day of Pesach (Pascha or Passover, Nisan 15), is always at the first or second full moon following the vernal equinox. At the First Ecumenical Council, held in 325 at Nicaea, it was decided to celebrate Easter on the Sunday following the so-called Paschal full moon.
At the Council of Nicaea, it became one duty of the patriarch of Alexandria to determine the exact dates of the Resurrection and to announce it to the rest of the Christian churches. This duty fell on this officate because of the erudition at Alexandria he could draw on. The precise rules to determine this are very involved, but the Resurrection is usually the first Sunday after a full moon occurring no sooner than March 21, which was the actual date of the vernal equinox at the time of the First Council of Nicaea. Shortly before Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, the vernal equinox was occurring on the "nominal" date of March 25. This was abandoned at Nicaea, but the reason for the observed discrepancy was all but ignored (the actual tropical year is not quite equal to the Julian year of 365¼ days, so the date of the equinox keeps creeping back in the Julian calendar).
[edit] Coptic months
* Thout
* Paopi
* Hathor
* Koiak
* Tobi
* Meshir
* Paremhat
* Paremoude
* Pashons
* Paoni
* Epip
* Mesori
* Pi Kogi Enavot
[hide]
v • d • e
Calendars of Saints and Commemorations
Roman Catholic Current calendar · Traditional Catholic Calendar
Orthodox Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar · Coptic calendar · Armenian Apostolic Church
Anglican Communion List of Anglican Church Calendars · Church of England · Anglican Church of Australia · Anglican Church of Canada · The Episcopal Church · Province of Melanesia · Scottish Episcopal Church · Anglican Church of Southern Africa
Protestant churches Lutheran commemorations
[edit] References
* The Coptic Calendar by Bishoy K. R. Dawood (952KB pdf file – historical development and technical discussion, updated May 14, 2007)
* An introduction to the Coptic calendar (Gregorian equivalents are valid only between 1900 and 2099)
* The Orthodox Ecclesiastical Calendar
* Ancient Egyptian Calendar and Coptic Calendar
[edit] See also
* Egyptian calendar
* Computus
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_calendar"
Categories: Liturgical calendars | Specific calendars | Coptic Orthodox Church | Coptic calendar | Religion in Egypt | Christianity in Africa | Christianity in Egypt | Liturgical calendar
Views
* Article
* Discussion
* Edit this page
* History
Personal tools
* Sign in / create account
Navigation
* Main page
* Contents
* Featured content
* Current events
* Random article
interaction
* About Wikipedia
* Community portal
* Recent changes
* Contact Wikipedia
* Donate to Wikipedia
* Help
Search
Toolbox
* What links here
* Related changes
* Upload file
* Special pages
* Printable version
* Permanent link
* Cite this article
In other languages
* العربية
* Deutsch
* Français
* Nederlands
* 日本語
* Polski
* Русский
* Suomi
Powered by MediaWiki
Wikimedia Foundation
* This page was last modified 14:52, 29 July 2007.
* All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
* Privacy policy
* About Wikipedia
* Disclaimers
Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!
Coptic calendar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Part of the series on
Copts
ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙ'ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ
'ⲛ'Ⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓ'ⲁⲛⲟⲥ
Culture
Architecture · Art · Calendar ·
Fasting · Flag · Literature ·
Music
Regions
Egypt · United States · Canada ·
Africa · Asia · Australia ·
Europe · South America
Religions
Coptic Orthodox Church ·
Coptic Catholic Church ·
Coptic Evangelical Church ·
Other Protestants
Language
Egyptian language · Coptic language
Writing Systems
Hieroglyphs · Hieratic ·
Demotic · Coptic
v • d • e
Calendars
v • d • e
Common use Chinese · Islamic · Gregorian · ISO · Astro · Julian
Calendar Types
Lunisolar · Solar · Lunar
Selected usage Armenian · Bahá'í · Bengali · Berber · Buddhist · Coptic · Ethiopian · Germanic · Hebrew · Hindu · Indian · Iranian · Irish · Japanese · Javanese · Malayalam · Maya · Nanakshahi · Nepali · Nepal Sambat · Tamil · Thai: Lunar – Solar · Tibetan · Vietnamese· Zoroastrian
Calendar Types
Original Julian · Runic
The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church. This calendar is based on the ancient Egyptian calendar. To avoid the calendar creep of the latter, a reform of the ancient Egyptian calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 BC) which consisted of the intercalation of a sixth epagomenal day every fourth year. However, this reform was opposed by the Egyptian priests, and the idea was not adopted until 25 BC, when the Roman Emperor Augustus formally reformed the calendar of Egypt, keeping it forever synchronized with the newly introduced Julian calendar. To distinguish it from the Ancient Egyptian calendar, which remained in use by some astronomers until medieval times, this reformed calendar is known as the Coptic calendar. Its years and months coincide with those of the Ethiopian calendar but have different numbers and names.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Coptic year
* 2 Date of Christmas
* 3 Date of Resurrection
* 4 Coptic months
* 5 References
* 6 See also
[edit] Coptic year
The Coptic year is the extension of the ancient Egyptian civil year, retaining its subdivision into the three seasons, four months each. The three seasons are commemorated by special prayers in the Coptic Liturgy. This calendar is still in use all over Egypt by farmers to keep track of the various agricultural seasons. The Coptic calendar has 13 months, 12 of 30 days each and an intercalary month at the end of the year of 5 or 6 days, depending whether the year is a leap year or not. The year starts on 29 August in the Julian Calendar or on the 30th in the year before (Julian) Leap Years. The Coptic Leap Year follows the same rules as the Julian Calendar so that the extra month always has six days in the year before a Julian Leap Year.
The Feast of Neyrouz marks the first day of the Coptic year. Its celebration falls on the 1st day of the month of Thout, the first month of the Coptic year, which for AD 1901 to 2098 usually coincides with 11 September, except before a Gregorian leap year when it is September 12. Coptic years are counted from AD 284, the year Diocletian became Roman Emperor, whose reign was marked by tortures and mass executions of Christians, especially in Egypt. Hence, the Coptic year is identified by the abbreviation A.M. (for Anno Martyrum or "Year of the Martyrs"). The A.M. abbreviation is also used for the unrelated Jewish year (Anno Mundi).
Every fourth Coptic year is a leap year without exception, as in the Julian calendar, so the above mentioned new year dates apply only between AD 1900 and 2099 inclusive in the Gregorian Calendar. In the Julian Calendar, the new year is always 29 August, except before a Julian leap year when it's August 30. Easter is reckoned by the Julian Calendar in the Old Calendarist way.
To obtain the Coptic year number, subtract from the Julian year number either 283 (before the Julian new year) or 284 (after it).
[edit] Date of Christmas
The choice of 25 December to celebrate the Nativity of Christ was first proposed by Hippolytus of Rome (170–236), but was apparently not accepted until either 336 or 364. Dionysius of Alexandria emphatically quoted mystical justifications for this very choice:
March 25 was considered to be the anniversary of Creation itself. It was the first day of the year in the medieval Julian calendar and the nominal vernal equinox (it had been the actual equinox at the time when the Julian calendar was originally designed). Considering that Christ was conceived at that date turned March 25 into the Feast of the Annunciation which had to be followed, nine months later, by the celebration of the birth of Christ, Christmas, on December 25.
There may have been more practical considerations for choosing 25 December. The choice would help substitute a major Christian holiday for the popular pagan celebrations around the winter solstice (Roman Saturnalia or Brumalia). The religious competition was fierce. In 274, Emperor Aurelian had declared a civil holiday on December 25 (the "Festival of the birth of the Unconquered Sun") to celebrate the birth of Mithras, the Persian Sun-God whose cult predated Zoroastrianism and was then very popular among the Roman military. Finally, joyous festivals are needed at that time of year, to fight the natural gloom of the season.
That there were in the same country shepherds living out in the fields, keeping watch over their flock by night (Luke 2:8), does not rule out December 25th as Christmas - for contemporary records indicate that this was as likely then as at any time of year. Those who observed what was happening then confirm the weather patterns of the time, and what shepherds did amidst them all.
Until the 16th century, 25 December coincided with 29 Koiak of the Coptic calendar. However, upon the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in 1582, December 25 shifted 10 days earlier in comparison with the Julian and Coptic calendars and a further day each time the Gregorian calendar drops a leap day. This is the reason why Old-Calendrists (using the Julian and Coptic calendars) presently celebrate Christmas on January 7, 13 days after the New-Calendrists (using the Gregorian calendar), who celebrate Christmas on December 25.
[edit] Date of Resurrection
According to Christian tradition, Jesus died at the ninth hour (that is, the canonical hour of nona or 'noon' in Middle English - 3:00 pm) of the first full day of Pesach, when that day fell on a Friday; and arose from the dead at or by the first (canonical) hour of that Sunday. The day of Pesach (Pascha or Passover, Nisan 15), is always at the first or second full moon following the vernal equinox. At the First Ecumenical Council, held in 325 at Nicaea, it was decided to celebrate Easter on the Sunday following the so-called Paschal full moon.
At the Council of Nicaea, it became one duty of the patriarch of Alexandria to determine the exact dates of the Resurrection and to announce it to the rest of the Christian churches. This duty fell on this officate because of the erudition at Alexandria he could draw on. The precise rules to determine this are very involved, but the Resurrection is usually the first Sunday after a full moon occurring no sooner than March 21, which was the actual date of the vernal equinox at the time of the First Council of Nicaea. Shortly before Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, the vernal equinox was occurring on the "nominal" date of March 25. This was abandoned at Nicaea, but the reason for the observed discrepancy was all but ignored (the actual tropical year is not quite equal to the Julian year of 365¼ days, so the date of the equinox keeps creeping back in the Julian calendar).
[edit] Coptic months
* Thout
* Paopi
* Hathor
* Koiak
* Tobi
* Meshir
* Paremhat
* Paremoude
* Pashons
* Paoni
* Epip
* Mesori
* Pi Kogi Enavot
[hide]
v • d • e
Calendars of Saints and Commemorations
Roman Catholic Current calendar · Traditional Catholic Calendar
Orthodox Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar · Coptic calendar · Armenian Apostolic Church
Anglican Communion List of Anglican Church Calendars · Church of England · Anglican Church of Australia · Anglican Church of Canada · The Episcopal Church · Province of Melanesia · Scottish Episcopal Church · Anglican Church of Southern Africa
Protestant churches Lutheran commemorations
[edit] References
* The Coptic Calendar by Bishoy K. R. Dawood (952KB pdf file – historical development and technical discussion, updated May 14, 2007)
* An introduction to the Coptic calendar (Gregorian equivalents are valid only between 1900 and 2099)
* The Orthodox Ecclesiastical Calendar
* Ancient Egyptian Calendar and Coptic Calendar
[edit] See also
* Egyptian calendar
* Computus
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_calendar"
Categories: Liturgical calendars | Specific calendars | Coptic Orthodox Church | Coptic calendar | Religion in Egypt | Christianity in Africa | Christianity in Egypt | Liturgical calendar
Views
* Article
* Discussion
* Edit this page
* History
Personal tools
* Sign in / create account
Navigation
* Main page
* Contents
* Featured content
* Current events
* Random article
interaction
* About Wikipedia
* Community portal
* Recent changes
* Contact Wikipedia
* Donate to Wikipedia
* Help
Search
Toolbox
* What links here
* Related changes
* Upload file
* Special pages
* Printable version
* Permanent link
* Cite this article
In other languages
* العربية
* Deutsch
* Français
* Nederlands
* 日本語
* Polski
* Русский
* Suomi
Powered by MediaWiki
Wikimedia Foundation
* This page was last modified 14:52, 29 July 2007.
* All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
* Privacy policy
* About Wikipedia
* Disclaimers
Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)